Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v14010135
Keywords
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV); latency reversing agents (LRAs); HIV latency; reactivation; pathogenesis; cure; strategies; nonhuman primate models
Categories
Funding
- NIH training grants T32 Immunology of Infectious Diseases (IID) [AI060525]
- Pittsburgh AIDS Research Training (PART) grant [AI065380, R01AI119346, R01DK113919, R01DK119936, R01DK131476, RO1 HL117715, R01 HL123096]
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
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Curing HIV infection is crucial to improve the quality of life of patients, who currently require lifelong antiretroviral therapy. This review discusses different SIV strains and their animal hosts used in cure research, as well as the life cycle and pathogenesis of HIV/SIV. It also emphasizes the role of chronic immune activation and inflammation in disease progression and comorbidities, comparing pathogenic and nonpathogenic infections in natural hosts of SIVs. Furthermore, various HIV cure strategies, particularly immunological therapies and shock and kill approaches, are explored.
HIV infection requires lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control disease progression. Although ART has greatly extended the life expectancy of persons living with HIV (PWH), PWH nonetheless suffer from an increase in AIDS-related and non-AIDS related comorbidities resulting from HIV pathogenesis. Thus, an HIV cure is imperative to improve the quality of life of PWH. In this review, we discuss the origins of various SIV strains utilized in cure and comorbidity research as well as their respective animal species used. We briefly detail the life cycle of HIV and describe the pathogenesis of HIV/SIV and the integral role of chronic immune activation and inflammation on disease progression and comorbidities, with comparisons between pathogenic infections and nonpathogenic infections that occur in natural hosts of SIVs. We further discuss the various HIV cure strategies being explored with an emphasis on immunological therapies and shock and kill.
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