Complete mitogenomes of four Trichiurus species: A taxonomic review of the T. lepturus species complex

Four Trichiurus species, T. japonicus, T. lepturus, T. nanbaiensis, and T brevis, from the coasts of the China Seas, have been identified and their entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology. A comparative analysis of five mitogenomes was conducted, including the mitogenome of T. gangeticus. The mitogenomes contained 16.568-16.840 bp and encoded 36 typical mitochondria] genes (13 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal RNA-coding, and 21 transfer RNA-coding genes) and two typical noncoding control regions. Although tRNA(pro) is absent from Trichiurus mitogenomes, when compared with the 22 tRNAs reported in other vertebrates, the gene arrangements in the mitogenomes of the studied species are consistent with those in most teleost mitogenomes. The hill-length sequences and protein-coding genes (PCGs) in the mitogenomes of the five species had obvious AT biases and negative GC skew values. Our study indicate that the specimens in the Indian Ocean are neither T. lepturus nor T. nanbaiensis but they are T. gangeticus; the Trichiurus species composition in the Indian Ocean is totally different from that in Pacific and Atlantic oceans; there are at least two Trichiurus species in Indian Ocean; and the worldwide systematics and diversity of the genus Trichiurus need to be reviewed.

Automated summary

The entire mitochondrial genomes of four Trichiurus species from the coasts of the China Seas have been sequenced and compared with the mitochondrial genome of T. gangeticus. The gene arrangements in the mitogenomes of the studied species are consistent with those in most teleost mitogenomes. The Trichiurus species composition in the Indian Ocean is different from that in Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and there are at least two Trichiurus species in Indian Ocean.