The effect of the E484K mutation of SARS-CoV-2 on the neutralizing activity of antibodies from BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals

The reduced vaccine efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 variant lineage B. 1.351 (beta variant) containing the E484K and N501Y mutations is well known. The E484K mutation in SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be responsible for weakened humoral immunity. Vaccine efficacy against the R.1 lineage, which contains the E484K mutation but not the N501Y mutation, is uncertain. Serum samples were collected from 100 healthy Japanese participants three weeks after receiving the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and serum neutralization antibody titers were measured against five SARS-CoV-2 variants. The geometric mean neutralization titers measured for the original and R.1 lineages were equivalent (91.90 +/- 2.40 and 102.67 +/- 2. 28, respectively), whereas a low titer was measured for the beta variant (18.03 +/- 1.92). Although further investigations with other variant strains and serum samples are essential, our results imply that the weakened humoral response is not caused solely by the E484K mutation. (UMIN000043340). (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study investigated the neutralizing antibody titer of the BNT162b2 vaccine in a Japanese population and found that the titer against the R.1 variant was comparable to the original variant, while a lower titer was observed against the beta variant. This suggests that the E484K mutation is not solely responsible for the weakened humoral response.