Roles of free radical on the formation of acetaldehyde in model wine solutions under different ultrasound parameters: A key bridge-link compound for red wine coloration during ageing

In order to explore the effects of ultrasound on the formation of acetaldehyde and its mechanism in model wine solutions, ultrasound conditions and free radicals were investigated by response surface methodology and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), respectively. The results indicate that ultrasound does induce the production of acetaldehyde with the maximum amount under the conditions of ultrasound power density 0.2 W/cm(2), 48 min and 32 degrees C. The hydroxyl radicals and the 1-hydroxyethyl free radicals are the main initiator and precursor for acetaldehyde, respectively. Furthermore, the stronger the 1-hydroxyethyl free radicals captured by EPR, the lower the formation of acetaldehyde. In addition, the content of Fe2+ and ethanol also exerted a certain influence on the acetaldehyde formation. In conclusion, ultrasound does promote the production of acetaldehyde in the model wine solutions, which is beneficial for well understanding the mechanism of ultrasound in modifying the wine color and accelerating ageing.

Automated summary

Ultrasound promotes the formation of acetaldehyde in model wine solutions by inducing hydroxyl radicals and 1-hydroxyethyl free radicals, with the latter having an inverse relationship with acetaldehyde formation. Additionally, the presence of Fe2+ and ethanol also influence the generation of acetaldehyde.