Mechanisms by which predators mediate host-parasite interactions in aquatic systems

It is often assumed that predators reduce disease prevalence and transmission by lowering prey population density and/or by selectively feeding on infected individuals. However, recent studies, many of which come from aquatic systems, suggest numerous alternative mechanisms by which predators can influence disease dynamics in their prey. Here, we review the mechanisms by which predators can mediate host-parasite interactions in aquatic prey. We highlight how life histories of aquatic hosts and parasites influence transmission pathways and describe how such pathways intersect with predation to shape disease dynamics. We also provide recommendations for future studies; experiments that account for multiple effects of predators on host-parasite interactions, and that examine how predator-host-parasite interactions shift under changing environmental conditions, are particularly needed.

Automated summary

Recent studies have found that predators influence disease dynamics in prey through alternative mechanisms beyond just lowering prey population density, particularly in aquatic systems. The life histories of aquatic hosts and parasites play a role in shaping transmission pathways, which intersect with predation to influence disease dynamics. Further research is needed to explore how predator-host-parasite interactions shift under changing environmental conditions.