Journal
SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
Volume 46, Issue 4, Pages 916-928Publisher
AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS
DOI: 10.1600/036364421X16370109698605
Keywords
Amazon; biodiversity; evolution; polybotryoids; systematics
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Funding
- CAPES
- CNPq [155074/2018-0, 307514/2016-1]
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Cyclodium is a neotropical fern genus with unique characteristics, mainly found in the Amazonian lowlands and the Guianan region. It is supported as monophyletic and sister to Polybotrya based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. The presence of peltate indusia is a key distinguishing feature of Cyclodium.
Cyclodium is a neotropical fern genus with 13 species, most of them distributed in the Amazonian lowlands, particularly in the Guianan region and along the border with the Andes. It belongs to the polybotryoid clade of Dryopteridaceae, being unique within this clade by a combination of characters related to rhizome growth, leaf dimorphism, anastomosing venation, and peltate indusia. Here we present a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for Cyclodium resulting from Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses, using molecular sequences of five plastid markers. We also map 12 morphological characters and habit onto the resulting trees. Our results support Cyclodium as monophyletic and sister to Polybotrya. The presence of peltate indusia is the main character distinguishing Cyclodium. Our results also suggest that plesiomorphic conditions in Cyclodium are free venation (vs. anastomosing), creeping rhizomes (vs. erect or decumbent), highly dissected laminae (vs. 1-pinnate), monomorphic sterile and fertile fronds (vs. dimorphic), and pinnatifid apices (vs. conform).
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