Characterization of atmospheric aerosols in the Antarctic region using Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy

The non-destructive spectroscopic characterization of airborne particulate matter (PM) was performed to gain better knowledge of the internal structures of atmospheric aerosols at the particle level in the Antarctic region, along with their potential sources. PM and soil samples were collected during the 2016-2017 austral summer season at the surroundings of the Spanish Antarctic Research Station Gabriel de Castilla (Deception Island, South Shetland Islands). PM was deposited in a low-volume sampler air filter. Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to determine the elemental and molecular composition of the individual aerosol and soil particles. Filter spectra measured by these techniques revealed long-range atmospheric transport of organic compounds (polystyrene and bacteria), local single and cluster particles made of different kinds of black carbon (BC), exotic minerals (polyhalite, arcanite, niter, ammonium nitrate, syngenite and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer), and natural PM (sea salts, silicates, iron oxides, etc.). In addition to the filter samples, forsterite and plagioclase were discovered in the soil samples together with magnetite. This is the first report of the presence of a microplastic fiber in the Antarctic air. This fact, together with the presence of other pollutants, reflects that even pristine and remote regions are influenced by anthropogenic activities. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The non-destructive spectroscopic characterization of airborne particulate matter in the Antarctic region revealed the complex elemental and molecular composition of atmospheric aerosols at the particle level. Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy techniques identified a variety of organic compounds, black carbon, exotic minerals, and natural PM in the samples collected from the surroundings of the Spanish Antarctic Research Station Gabriel de Castilla. The presence of microplastic fibers in the Antarctic air for the first time suggests the influence of anthropogenic activities even in pristine and remote regions.