Journal
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Volume 151, Issue -, Pages 46-53Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2021.11.003
Keywords
Withania somnifera; Ashwagandha; HPLC; Anticancer; Antioxidant; Enzyme inhibition
Categories
Funding
- Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousands Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation [2018R52050]
- Major Science and Technology Projects of Breeding New Varieties of Agriculture in Zhejiang Province [2021C02074]
- Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health Talents
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China [LQ21H280004]
- Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University [2021JKZDZC06]
- Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Preponderant and Characteristic Sub-ject of Key University (Traditional Chinese Pharmacology) , Zhejiang Chinese Medical University [ZYAOX2018020, ZYAOX2018001]
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The ethanol extract of ashwagandha roots contains bioactive compounds that demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects on lung cancer cells. These findings suggest that ashwagandha could be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammation, oxidative stress, and lung cancer.
Ashwagandha W. somnifera (L.) Dunal is a popular ethnomedicinal herb endowed with potential pharmaco-therapeutic properties. In this study the ethanol extract (EE) and water extract (WE) of ashwagandha roots were qualitatively analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the results showed EE containing withanoside IV (a), physagulin D (b), 27-hydroxywithanone (c), withanoside V (d), withaferin A (e), withastramonolide (f), withanolide A (g), withanone (h), and withanolide B (i) as major bioactive com-pounds. Antioxidant potential was studied using four in vitro free radical scavenging assays and EE displayed higher antioxidant effect compared to WE for all assays. The EE also showed enzyme inhibitory effect against lipoxygenase (5-LOX) >cyclooxygenases-1 (COX-1) compared to cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) and to that of WE. Furthermore, EE demonstrated a potential cytotoxic effect on proliferation of A549 cells in vitro, showing IC50 values, 394.8 (24 h), 171.9 (48 h) and 126.1 (72 h) mg/mL, respectively. EE extract also exhibited induc-tion of apoptosis in dose dependent manner confirmed with the production of ROS in A549 cells through flow cytometric analysis. The obtained results demonstrated that ashwagandha EE with high concentration of bioactive compounds could act as potential drug candidates against pro-inflammatory enzymes involved in development of inflammation and progression of lung cancer. Further, extensive research is needed to investigate the ashwagandha bioactive compounds responsible for treating inflammation, oxidative stress and lung cancer. (c) 2021 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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