Journal
SMALL
Volume 18, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104763
Keywords
breast cancer; magnetosomes; magnetic targeting; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; oncolytic virotherapy
Categories
Funding
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) [C25574/A24321]
- EPSRC [EP/K005138/1]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant [777682]
- EPSRC [EP/K005138/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The coassembly of magnetic nanoparticles and herpes simplex virus enhances tumor targeting, protects the virus, promotes immune response, and leads to tumor shrinkage and increased survival.
The survival strategies of infectious organisms have inspired many therapeutics over the years. Indeed the advent of oncolytic viruses (OVs) exploits the uncontrolled replication of cancer cells for production of their progeny resulting in a cancer-targeting treatment that leaves healthy cells unharmed. Their success against inaccessible tumors however, is highly variable due to inadequate tumor targeting following systemic administration. Coassembling herpes simplex virus (HSV1716) with biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles derived from magnetotactic bacteria enables tumor targeting from circulation with magnetic guidance, protects the virus against neutralizing antibodies and thereby enhances viral replication within tumors. This approach additionally enhances the intratumoral recruitment of activated immune cells, promotes antitumor immunity and immune cell death, thereby inducing tumor shrinkage and increasing survival in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer by 50%. Exploiting the properties of such a nanocarrier, rather than tropism of the virus, for active tumor targeting offers an exciting, novel approach for enhancing the bioavailability and treatment efficacy of tumor immunotherapies for disseminated neoplasms.
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