Journal
SENSORS
Volume 21, Issue 20, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s21206830
Keywords
millimeter-wave antenna; 5G antenna; beamforming antenna; Butler matrix; 64-QAM
Funding
- MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the Grand Information Technology Research Center support program [IITP-2021-2020-0-01612]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2020R1A6A1A03041954]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1A6A1A03041954] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This paper proposes an intuitive approach to assessing the advantages of beamforming in 5G wireless communication, demonstrating the importance of alignment between transmitter and receiver beams in millimeter-wave frequency bands. Experimental tests with horn antennas and Butler matrices show over 12 dB enhancement in received power when the beams are aligned, highlighting the significance of alignment in improving signal reception.
In this paper, an intuitive approach to assessing advantages of beamforming in 5G wireless communication is proposed as a novel try and practical demonstration of importance of alignment between the transmitter's and receiver's beams working in millimeter-wave frequency bands. Since the diffraction loss of millimeter-wave signals matters seriously in propagation, the effects of the misalignment and alignment between beams need to be checked for, which was conducted with a horn antenna and the 4 x 4 Butler matrix which mimic the relationship of the base station and handset antennas. Designing and using the microstrip-line and the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Butler matrices, RF-to-RF wireless connectivity between the horn and the microstrip line beamformer as case 1 and the horn and the SIW beamformer as case 2, concerning the changing angle of the beam from either of the two Butler matrices, was tested, showing over 12 dB enhancement in received power. This direct electromagnetic link test was accompanied by examining 64-QAM constellations for beam-angle changing from -30 & DEG; to +30 & DEG; for the two cases, where the error vector magnitude in the QAM-diagram becomes less than 10% by beam-alignment for the changing angle.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available