Journal
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
Volume 203, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.114090
Keywords
Tungsten oxide; Irreversible transformation; Lithium tungstate; In situ transmission electron microscopy
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61974148]
- Ningbo Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Special Project [2020Z002]
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This study investigates the dynamic phase transformation and morphology evolution of h-WO3 nanowire during deep lithiation using an in situ single nanowire-based cell. It reveals the irreversible transformation from h-WO3 to Li2WO4 and the presence of deep ion-trapping sites in the Li2WO4 crystal structure. By triggering lithium-ion migration at the WO3/electrolyte interface and visualizing nanoscale lithium-ion migration, the mechanism of irreversible WO3-to-Li2WO4 transformation in deep lithiation reaction is demonstrated.
Lithium-ion migration at the WO3/electrolyte interface is governed by the phase transformation mechanism by which metastable states are replaced from one phase to another. Herein, an in situ single nanowire-based cell is constructed to investigate the dynamic phase transformation and morphology evolution of h-WO3 nanowire in real-time during its deep lithiation. One of the most significant features of h-WO3 lithiation is the irreversible transformation from h-WO3 to Li2WO4. There are a large number of deep ion-trapping sites composed of 4 O atoms in Li2WO4 crystal structure, that is, inserted lithium ions are irreversibly bound in these traps and nearly cannot be deintercalated. A mechanism on irreversible WO3-to-Li2WO4 transformation in deep lithiation reaction is demonstrated. With the aid of in situ transmission electron microscopy, we controllably triggered lithium-ion migration at the WO3/electrolyte interface and directly visualized the nanoscale lithium-ion migration as a stop motion movie. (C) 2021 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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