Journal
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Volume 14, Issue 626, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg7859
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Funding
- Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation
- Clinical Research Associates L.L.C. (CRA), an affiliate of the Simons Foundation
- Autistica
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment at King's College London
- EU-AIMS (European Autism Interventions)/EU AIMS-2-TRIALS, an Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking [777394]
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London
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Sensory atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may arise from differences in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor function. This study evaluated the role of GABA receptor directly and found that in ASD, background suppression of the foreground response was weaker.
Sensory atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are thought to arise at least partly from differences in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor function. However, the evidence to date has been indirect, arising from correlational studies in patients and preclinical models. Here, we evaluated the role of GABA receptor directly, in 44 adults (n = 19 ASD). Baseline concentration of occipital lobe GABA+ (GABA plus coedited macromolecules) was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS). Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) elicited by a passive visual surround suppression paradigm was compared after double-blind randomized oral administration of placebo or 15 to 30 mg of arbaclofen (STX209), a GABA type B (GABA(B)) receptor agonist. In the placebo condition, the neurotypical SSVEP response was affected by both the foreground stimuli contrast and background interference (suppression). In ASD, however, all stimuli conditions had equal salience and background suppression of the foreground response was weaker. In the placebo condition, although there was no difference in GABA+ between groups, GABA+ concentration positively correlated with response to maximum foreground contrast during maximum background interference in neurotypicals, but not ASD. In neurotypicals, sensitivity to visual stimuli was disrupted by 30 mg of arbaclofen, whereas in ASD, it was made more typical and visual processing differences were abolished. Hence, differences in GABAergic function are fundamental to autistic (visual) sensory neurobiology and are modulated by GABA(B) activity.
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