Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 818, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151680
Keywords
Harmful algal bloom; Paralytic shellfish toxins; Proteomics; Metals
Categories
Funding
- GdR research network PHYCOTOX: Des micro-algues aux risques pour l'Homme et l'ecosysteme
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This study investigates the proteomic and physiological responses of Alexandrium pacificum strains to metal stresses. The findings highlight the adaptive proteomic and physiological responses of the strains to metal-contaminated ecosystems, which may contribute to their ecological success. Additionally, the study reveals a positive correlation between PST production and photosynthesis in the strains.
HABs involving Alexandrium pacificum have been reported in metal-contaminated ecosystems, suggesting that this distributed species adapts to and/or can tolerate the effects of metals. Modifications in soluble proteomes and PST contents were characterized in two Mediterranean A. pacificum strains exposed to mono-or polymetallic stresses (zinc, lead, copper, cadmium). These strains were isolated from two anthropized locations: Santa Giusta Lagoon (Italy, SG C10-3) and the Tarragona seaport (Spain, TAR C5-4F). In both strains, metals primarily down regulated key photosynthesis proteins. Metals also upregulated other proteins involved in photosynthesis (PCP in both strains), the oxidative stress response (HSP 60, proteasome and SOD in SG C10-3; HSP 70 in TAR C5 4F), energy metabolism (AdK in TAR C5-4F), neoglucogenesis/glycolysis (GAPDH and PEP synthase in SG C103) and protein modification (PP in TAR C5-4F). These proteins, possibly involved in adaptive proteomic responses, may explain the development of these A. pacificum strains in metal-contaminated ecosystems. The two strains showed different proteomic responses to metals, with SG C10-3 upregulating more proteins, particularly PCP. Among the PSTs, regardless of the metal and the strain studied, C2 and GTX4 predominated, followed by GTX5. Under the polymetallic cocktail, (i) total PSTs, C2 and GTX4 reached the highest levels in SG C10-3 only, and (ii) total PSTs, C2, GTX5 and neoSTX were higher in SG C10-3 than in TAR C5-4F, whereas in SG C10-3 under copper stress, total PSTs, GTX5, GTX1 and C1 were higher than in the controls, revealing variability in PST biosynthesis between the two strains. Total PSTs, C2, GTX4 and GTX1 showed significant positive correlations with PCP, indicating that PST production may be positively related to photosynthesis. Our results showed that the A. pacificum strains adapt their proteomic and physiological responses to metals, which may contribute to their ecological success in highly anthropized areas. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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