Highly hazardous pesticides and related pollutants: Toxicological, regulatory, and analytical aspects

The pervasive manifestation and toxicological influence of hazardous pesticides pose adverse consequences on various environmental matrices and humans, directly via bioaccumulation or indirectly through the food chain. Due to pesticide residues' continuous presence above permissible levels in multiple forms, much attention has been given to reevaluating to regulate their usage practices without harming or affecting the environment. However, there are regulations in place banning the use of multiple hazardous pesticides in the environment. Thus, efforts must be made to achieve robust detection and complete mitigation of pesticides, possibly through a combination of new and conventional methods. The complex nature of pesticides helps them to react differently across different environmental matrices. Therefore, highly hazardous pesticides are a risk to human well-being and the environment through enzymatic inhibition and the induction of oxidative stress. Consequently, developing fast, sensitive sensing strategies is essential to detect and quantify multiple pesticides and remove the pesticides present in the specific matrix without creating harmful derivatives. Additionally, the technology should be available worldwide to eliminate pesticide residuals from the environment. There are regulations, in practice, that limit the selling, storage, use of pesticides, and their concentration in the environment, although such regulations must be revised. However, the existing literature lacks regulatory, analytical detection , mitigation considerations for pesticide remediation. Furthermore, the enforce-ment of such regulations , strict monitoring of pesticides in developing countries are needed. This review spotlights various analytical detection, regulatory, and mitigation considerations for efficiently removing hazardous pesticides. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Hazardous pesticides have adverse effects on the environment and human health, requiring reevaluation and regulation of their usage. Robust detection and reduction efforts are needed, possibly through a combination of new and conventional methods. Developing fast, sensitive sensing strategies for detecting and removing multiple pesticides is essential.