Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 374, Issue 6575, Pages 1579-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abj9184
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31788103, 31822001]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS grant [XDB27030101]
- Leading Science Key Research Program of CAS [QYZDBSSW-SMC005]
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DNA methylation plays a crucial role in gene expression and genome integrity in plants. The complex formed by Pol IV and RDR2 is involved in dsRNA synthesis, revealing a mechanism of "backtracking-triggered RNA channeling".
DNA methylation affects gene expression and maintains genome integrity. The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV), together with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RDR2, produces double-stranded small interfering RNA precursors essential for establishing and maintaining DNA methylation in plants. We determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Pol IV-RDR2 holoenzyme and the backtracked transcription elongation complex. These structures reveal that Pol IV and RDR2 form a complex with their active sites connected by an interpolymerase channel, through which the Pol IV-generated transcript is handed over to the RDR2 active site after being backtracked, where it is used as the template for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) synthesis. Our results describe a 'backtracking-triggered RNA channeling' mechanism underlying dsRNA synthesis and also shed light on the evolutionary trajectory of eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
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