Journal
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
Volume 94, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.94.015004
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Funding
- Google, Inc.
- U.S. Department of Energy [DESC0019374]
- U.S. Office of Naval Research [ONS506661]
- Canada Industrial Research Chairs Program
- Canada 150 Research Chairs Program
- Samsung GRC project
- UK Hub in Quantum Computing and Simulation, part of the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme
- UKRI EPSRC [EP/T001062/1]
- National Research Foundation
- Ministry of Education, Singapore
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NISQ computers, composed of noisy qubits, are already being used in various fields. This review provides a comprehensive summary of NISQ computational paradigms and algorithms and introduces various benchmarking and software tools for programming and testing NISQ devices.
A universal fault-tolerant quantum computer that can efficiently solve problems such as integer factorization and unstructured database search requires millions of qubits with low error rates and long coherence times. While the experimental advancement toward realizing such devices will potentially take decades of research, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers already exist. These computers are composed of hundreds of noisy qubits, i.e., qubits that are not error corrected, and therefore perform imperfect operations within a limited coherence time. In the search for achieving quantum advantage with these devices, algorithms have been proposed for applications in various disciplines spanning physics, machine learning, quantum chemistry, and combinatorial optimization. The overarching goal of such algorithms is to leverage the limited available resources to perform classically challenging tasks. In this review, a thorough summary of NISQ computational paradigms and algorithms is provided. The key structure of these algorithms and their limitations and advantages are discussed. A comprehensive overview of various benchmarking and software tools useful for programming and testing NISQ devices is additionally provided.
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