Journal
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Volume 183, Issue -, Pages 459-471Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.11.036
Keywords
Biomass conversion; 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural; 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural; Magnetic fibrous silica core-shell; Heterogeneous catalysis
Funding
- Electricity Supply Board of Ireland (ESB)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering at the University of Limerick
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In this study, a novel multifunctional catalyst was prepared for the production of biomass-derived liquid fuel. High efficiency conversion of different substrates was achieved through direct etherification and one-pot reactions, with high reusability and catalytic activity.
In the present work, a series of Bronsted and Lewis hybrid, magnetic, dendritic fibrous silica microsphere core shell particles with an open and easily accessible mesopore channels as the catalyst supports (Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1) were prepared, impregnated with aluminum (10 wt%) followed by encapsulation of different loadings of tungstophosphoric acid (PTA) from 10 to 40 wt% into mesoporous channels of fibrous silica shell (Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1/Al-10/PTA(x)). They are utilised for the efficient and clean production of biomass-derived liquid fuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) through direct etherification of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and one-pot conversion of fructose and other carbohydrates. High EMF yields of 93.1%, 62.2%, 23.9%, and 21.4% were obtained, when HMF, fructose, sorbose, and sucrose were subjected as substrate, respectively. These catalysts were characterised by XRD, py-FTIR, TGA, N-2-physisorption, SEM and TEM-EDX mapping. Importantly, the catalyst could be reused at least four times almost without a significant loss of activity. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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