Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 118, Issue 47, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116570118
Keywords
type III effector; immunity; chemical biology: zaractin; Arabidopsis; Pseudomonas syringae
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- NSERC
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function
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This study identified a small molecule called Zaractin that mimics the immune eliciting activity of the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopF1r, showing that both HopF1r and Zaractin activate the same NLR-mediated immune pathway in Arabidopsis. The findings suggest that the ETI-inducing action of pathogenic effectors can be used to identify synthetic activators of the eukaryotic immune system.
Pathogenic effector proteins use a variety of enzymatic activities to manipulate host cellular proteins and favor the infection process. However, these perturbations can be sensed by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) proteins to activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Here we have identified a small molecule (Zaractin) that mimics the immune eliciting activity of the Pseudomonas syringae type III secreted effector (T3SE) HopF1r and show that both HopF1r and Zaractin activate the same NLR-mediated immune pathway in Arabidopsis. Our results demonstrate that the ETI-inducing action of pathogenic effectors can be harnessed to identify synthetic activators of the eukaryotic immune system.
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