Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 119, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117962119
Keywords
stretchable electronics; ionotronics; nonfaradaic interface; self-powered thermometer; hydrogel
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Funding
- NSF through the Harvard University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center [DMR2011754]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11872292, 12002259]
- Post-doctoral Innovation Talent Program of China [BX20200271]
- NSF [DMR-1609972, DMR-2105825]
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This article presents a stretchable and self-powered temperature sensing method that utilizes the charge imbalance between ions and electrons to detect temperature changes. It demonstrates high sensitivity and fast response time.
Sensing technology is under intense development to enable the Internet of everything and everyone in new and useful ways. Here we demonstrate a method of stretchable and self-powered temperature sensing. The basic sensing element consists of three layers: an electrolyte, a dielectric, and an electrode. The electrolyte/dielectric interface accumulates ions, and the dielectric/electrode interface accumulates electrons (in either excess or deficiency). The ions and electrons at the two interfaces are usually not charge-neutral, and this charge imbalance sets up an ionic cloud in the electrolyte. The design functions as a charged temperature-sensitive capacitor. When temperature changes, the ionic cloud changes thickness, and the electrode changes opencircuit voltage. We demonstrate high sensitivity (-1 mV/K) and fast response (-10 ms). Such temperature sensors can be made small, stable, and transparent. Depending on the arrangement of the electrolyte, dielectric, and electrode, we develop four designs for the temperature sensor. In addition, the temperature sensor has good linearity in the range of tens of Kelvin. We further show that the temperature sensors can be integrated into stretchable electronics and soft robots.
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