Releasing incompatible males drives strong suppression across populations of wild and Wolbachia-carrying Aedes aegypti in Australia

Releasing sterile or incompatible male insects is a proven method of population management in agricultural systems with the potential to revolutionize mosquito control. Through a collabora-tive venture with the Debug Verily Life Sciences team, we assessed the incompatible insect technique (IIT) with the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti in northern Australia in a replicated treat-ment control field trial. Backcrossing a US strain of Ae. aegypti carrying Wolbachia wAlbB from Aedes albopictus with a local strain, we generated a wAlbB2-F4 strain incompatible with both the wild-type (no Wolbachia) and wMel-Wolbachia Ae. aegypti now extant in North Queensland. The wAlbB2-F4 strain was man-ually mass reared with males separated from females using Verily sex-sorting technologies to obtain no detectable female contami-nation in the field. With community consent, we delivered a total of three million IIT males into three isolated landscapes of over 200 houses each, releasing similar to 50 males per house three times a week over 20 wk. Detecting initial overflooding ratios of between 5:1 and 10:1, strong population declines well beyond 80% were de-tected across all treatment landscapes when compared to controls. Monitoring through the following season to observe the ongoing effect saw one treatment landscape devoid of adult Ae. aegypti early in the season. A second landscape showed reduced adults, and the third recovered fully. These encouraging results in sup-pressing both wild-type and wMel-Ae. aegypti confirms the utility of bidirectional incompatibility in the field setting, show the IIT to be robust, and indicate that the removal of this arbovirus vector from human-occupied landscapes may be achievable.

Automated summary

Releasing sterile or incompatible male insects is a proven method of population management with the potential to revolutionize mosquito control in agricultural systems. A study in northern Australia using the incompatible insect technique (IIT) with the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti showed significant population declines, indicating the potential of this method in field settings.