Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 118, Issue 40, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105063118
Keywords
breath analysis; spectroscopy; frequency combs
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Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [9FA9550-19-1-0148]
- NSF [CHE-1665 271, PHY-1734 006]
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Lindemann Trust
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Breath analysis using mid-infrared cavity-enhanced direct-frequency comb spectroscopy offers rapid and accurate detection and monitoring of biomarkers in exhaled breath. The technology, combining frequency comb, high spectral resolution, and sensitivity enhancement, allows for the detection of various breath biomarkers with strong carbon-hydrogen-bond spectral signatures.
Breath analysis enables rapid, noninvasive diagnostics, as well as long-term monitoring of human health, through the identification and quantification of exhaled biomarkers. Here, we demonstrate the remarkable capabilities of mid-infrared (mid-IR) cavity-enhanced direct-frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS) applied to breath analysis. We simultaneously detect and monitor as a function of time four breath biomarkers-CH3OH, CH4, H2O, and HDO-as well as illustrate the feasibility of detecting at least six more (H2CO, C2H6, OCS, C2H4, CS2, and NH3) without modifications to the experimental apparatus. We achieve ultrahigh detection sensitivity at the parts-per-trillion level. This is made possible by the combination of the broadband spectral coverage of a frequency comb, the high spectral resolution afforded by the individual comb teeth, and the sensitivity enhancement resulting from a high-finesse cavity. Exploiting recent advances in frequency comb, optical coating, and photodetector technologies, we can access a large variety of biomarkers with strong carbon-hydrogen-bond spectral signatures in the mid-IR.
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