A review on the physicochemical properties and utilization of date seeds in value-added engineering products

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is an agricultural crop, which plays an important role as a source of nutrition in the day-to-day life of people. Date palm cultivation, processing industries, and consumption generate tons of wastes. One of these wastes is date seed, which represents 10% of the total weight of date fruit. The utilization of date seed waste is a research topic of interest for many applications such as cosmetic, nutritional, and engineering. In this review, the different methods used for preparing date seeds' powder and extracting its oil are surveyed. A comprehensive review of the physical and chemical properties of the date seed powder and oil is provided in addition to the employed characterization methods. This paper also reviews the utilization of date seed waste in the most common engineering applications including biofuels, composites, and adsorbent applications. The paper also highlights the research limitation and future research potentials of the utilization of date seed for several engineering applications.

Automated summary

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the utilization of date seed waste, focusing on the preparation methods of date seed powder and oil, as well as their physical and chemical properties. The paper also discusses the engineering applications of date seed waste, such as biofuels, composites, and adsorbents, and identifies research limitations and future potentials in this field.