Journal
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 168, Issue -, Pages 381-397Publisher
ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.011
Keywords
Antioxidants; Hypersensitive response; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species; Redox homeostasis; Salicylic acid; Systemic acquired resistance
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Funding
- CSIR-UGC, New Delhi [677/(CSIRUGC NET JUNE 2018)]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Laurier Office of Research Services
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in regulating various processes in plants, but over-accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, emphasizing the importance of maintaining redox homeostasis. Salicylic acid (SA) serves as a chief regulator in controlling ROS and antioxidant defense system signaling, yet the underlying mechanisms require further exploration.
In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and developmental signaling. However, biotic and abiotic stresses can cause ROS over-accumulation leading to oxidative stress. Therefore, a suitable equilibrium is vital for redox homeostasis in plants, and there have been major advances in this research arena. Salicylic acid (SA) is known as a chief regulator of ROS; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. SA plays an important role in establishing the hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). This is underpinned by a robust and complex network of SA with Non-Expressor of Pathogenesis Related protein1 (NPR1), ROS, calcium ions (Ca2+), nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation of ROS and antioxidant defense system signalling by SA at the physiological and molecular levels. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of how SA controls redox homeostasis would provide a fundamental framework to develop approaches that will improve plant growth and fitness, in order to meet the increasing global demand for food and bioenergy.
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