Journal
PLANT JOURNAL
Volume 109, Issue 3, Pages 649-663Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15584
Keywords
mustard; Bra j I; CRISPR; Cas; transformation; food allergen; seed storage protein
Categories
Funding
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF LACOP consortium) [031B0348]
- Projekt DEAL
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The study successfully demonstrated the potential of gene editing breeding to alleviate food allergies by removing or mutating the major allergen Bra j I in brown mustard using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
Food allergies are a major health issue worldwide. Modern breeding techniques such as genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 have the potential to mitigate this by targeting allergens in plants. This study addressed the major allergen Bra j I, a seed storage protein of the 2S albumin class, in the allotetraploid brown mustard (Brassica juncea). Cotyledon explants of an Indian gene bank accession (CR2664) and the German variety Terratop were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring binary vectors with multiple single guide RNAs to induce either large deletions or frameshift mutations in both Bra j I homoeologs. A total of 49 T-0 lines were obtained with up to 3.8% transformation efficiency. Four lines had large deletions of 566 up to 790 bp in the Bra j IB allele. Among 18 Terratop T-0 lines, nine carried indels in the targeted regions. From 16 analyzed CR2664 T-0 lines, 14 held indels and three had all four Bra j I alleles mutated. The majority of the CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations were heritable to T-1 progenies. In some edited lines, seed formation and viability were reduced and seeds showed a precocious development of the embryo leading to a rupture of the testa already in the siliques. Immunoblotting using newly developed Bra j I-specific antibodies revealed the amount of Bra j I protein to be reduced or absent in seed extracts of selected lines. Removing an allergenic determinant from mustard is an important first step towards the development of safer food crops.
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