Journal
PARASITOLOGY
Volume 149, Issue 4, Pages 444-456Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022000099
Keywords
Cryptosporidium; fish; life cycle; species; genotypes; zoonotic implications
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Funding
- Autonomous Government of Galicia [ED431C 2021/26]
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This review summarizes the species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in fish, discusses the transmission and pathology of Cryptosporidium in wild, cultured and ornamental fish, as well as its potential role in zoonotic diseases.
Species of the genus Cryptosporidium (phylum Apicomplexa) infect the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of several vertebrate hosts, including humans and domestic and wild animals. In the past 20 years, several studies have focused on Cryptosporidium in fish. To date, a total of four piscine-host-specific species (Cryptosporidium molnari, Cryptosporidium huwi, Cryptosporidium bollandi and Cryptosporidium abrahamseni), nine piscine genotypes and more than 29 unnamed genotypes have been described in fish hosts. In addition, Cryptosporidium species and genotypes typical of other groups of vertebrates have also been identified. This review summarizes the history, biology, pathology and clinical manifestations, as well as the transmission, prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in wild, cultured and ornamental fish from both marine and freshwater environments. Finally, the potential role of piscine hosts as a reservoir of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species is also discussed.
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