Dehydration and loss of appetite: Key nutrition features in older people receiving home health care

Objectives: The aim was to describe a population of older people in home health care based on what is probably a novel theoretical model, previously published, and to analyze longitudinal changes in different dimensions of nutritional status. Methods: This explorative and longitudinal study examines nutritional status based on four domains in the novel theoretical model: health and somatic disorders; cognitive, affective, and sensory function; physical function and capacity; and food and nutrition. Inclusion criteria were age >65 y and need of home health care for more than three months. A total of 69 men and women were enrolled in the study. Participants' nutritional status was studied at baseline and regularly during the following three years. Results: At baseline, 44% (n = 27) reported one or more severe symptoms and 83% had polypharmacy (>5 prescribed medications). The prevalence of malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty, and dehydration at baseline were, respectively, 83% (n = 35), 44% (n = 24), 34% (n = 18), and 45% (n = 25). Participants that died during the 3-y follow-up (n = 14) differed from survivors in the following aspects: more reduced appetite, lower quality of life, worse cognitive function, lower physical activity, and less intake of dietary fiber and water. Dehydration at baseline was associated with lower function in several domains and with general decline over time. Conclusions: Most participants had poor nutritional status. Dehydration and reduced appetite were important indicators of worsening nutritional and overall status and mortality. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Automated summary

This study described a population of older people in home health care based on a novel theoretical model and analyzed longitudinal changes in nutritional status. The majority of participants had poor nutritional status, with dehydration and reduced appetite serving as important indicators of worsening overall status and mortality.