4.3 Article

Use of Bayesian Optimization to understand the structure of nuclei

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2021.11.014

Keywords

Bayesian optimization; Geant4 simulation; Low-energy reactions; Stable ion beam; Radioactive ion beam; Transfer reaction; Direct reaction

Funding

  1. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-96ER40963]
  2. U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-1404218, PHY-2011890]
  3. NSERC
  4. Canada Foundation for Innovation
  5. Nova Scotia Research and Innovation Trust
  6. National Research Council Canada
  7. National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant - Korea government (MSIT) [2020R1A2C1005981, 2016R1A5A1013277]
  8. STFC [ST/L005743/1]
  9. National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1A2C1005981] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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Monte Carlo simulations are commonly used in nuclear physics to model experimental systems. This study presents a Bayesian approach to fitting experimental data from a Be-12(d,p) reaction measurement, using simulations made with GEANT4. The Q-values from the C-12(d,p) reaction to well-known states in C-13 are compared with simulations using BayesOpt. The results show successful extraction of excitation energies of the lowest three excited states in C-13, providing a way to obtain information on Be-13.
Monte Carlo simulations are widely used in nuclear physics to model experimental systems. In cases where there are significant unknown quantities, such as energies of states, an iterative process of simulating and fitting is often required to describe experimental data. We describe a Bayesian approach to fitting experimental data, designed for data from a Be-12(d,p) reaction measurement, using simulations made with GEANT4. Q-values from the C-12(d,p) reaction to well-known states in C-13 are compared with simulations using BayesOpt. The energies of the states were not included in the simulation to reproduce the situation for Be-13 where the states are poorly known. Both cases had low statistics and significant resolution broadening owing to large proton energy losses in the solid deuterium target. Excitation energies of the lowest three excited states in C-13 were extracted to better than 90 keV, paving a way for extracting information on Be-13.

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