Journal
NUCLEAR FUSION
Volume 62, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ac4773
Keywords
tungsten; annealing; self-ion damage; synergism; deuterium plasma; concurrent plasma anneal; deuterium retention
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Funding
- US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER54912, DE-SC0001999]
- University of California Office of Presidential Research Fund [12-LR-237801]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0001999] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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Deuterium plasma exposure during annealing of self-ion damaged tungsten (W) leads to reduced defect recovery when compared to annealing without deuterium plasma exposure. This experiment demonstrates that deuterium-occupied defects can significantly decrease or eliminate defect annealing in tungsten.
Deuterium (D) plasma exposure during annealing of self-ion damaged tungsten (W) is shown to exhibit reduced defect recovery when compared to annealing without D plasma exposure. In these experiments, samples were first damaged with 20 MeV W ions. Next, samples were annealed either with or without simultaneous D-2 plasma exposure. The simultaneous annealed samples were first decorated by D-2 plasma at 383 K prior to ramping up to an annealing temperature of 473, 573, 673, or 773 K and held for 1 h with concurrent plasma exposure. The vacuum annealed samples each had a corresponding temperature history but without D-2 plasma treatment. Finally, all samples were exposed to D-2 plasma at 383 K to decorate any remaining defects. Nuclear reaction analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) shows that the simultaneous plasma-exposed and annealed samples exhibited virtually no defect recovery at annealing temperatures of up to 673 K, and had higher D retention than found in the vacuum annealed samples. TDS results indicate that only the lowest detrapping energy defects recover at an 773 K anneal for the simultaneous plasma annealed samples, while the vacuum annealed samples showed defect recovery at all anneal temperatures. This experiment clearly demonstrates that D occupied defects can significantly reduce or eliminate defect annealing in W, and is consistent with the existence of synergistic plasma exposure/displacement damage effects in fusion-energy relevant plasma facing materials.
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