4.6 Article

Time-dependent POVM reconstruction for single-photon avalanche photo diodes using adaptive regularization

Journal

NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ac5004

Keywords

quantum detector tomography; single-photon detector; avalanche photo diode; quantum communication; timing jitter; time-dependent POVM; SPAD

Funding

  1. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [SFB 1119-236615297]

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This study reports the first realization of time-dependent quantum detector tomography for commercially available InGaAs avalanche photo detectors. Compared to previous research, the study constructs a time-dependent POVM based on experimental measurements, revealing important information about the interior of the detector.
We report on the first realization of time-dependent quantum detector tomography for commercially available InGaAs avalanche photo detectors. For the construction of appropriate time-dependent POVMs from experimentally measured data, we introduce a novel scheme to calculate the weight of the regularization term based on the amount of measured data. We compare our POVM-based results with the theoretical predictions of the previously developed model by Gouzien et al (2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 013833). In contrast to our measurement-based construction of a time-dependent POVM for photon detectors, this previous investigation extends a time-independent POVM to a time-dependent one by including effects of detector timing jitter and dead time on the basis of particular model assumptions concerning the inner physical mechanisms of a photon detector. Our experimental results demonstrate that this latter approach is not sufficient to completely describe the observable properties of our InGaAs avalanche photo detectors. Thus, constructing the time-dependent POVM of a detector by direct quantum tomographic measurements can reveal information about the detector's interior that may not easily be included in time-independent POVMs by a priori model assumptions.

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