Neurophysiological dynamics for psychological resilience: A view from the temporal axis

When an individual is faced with adversity, the brain and body work cooperatively to adapt to it. This adaptive process is termed psychological resilience, and recent studies have identified several neurophysiological factors (neurophysiological resilience), such as monoamines, oscillatory brain activity, hemodynamics, autonomic activity, stress hormones, and immune systems. Each factor is activated in an interactive manner during specific time windows after exposure to stress. Thus, the differences in psychological resilience levels among individuals can be characterized by differences in the temporal dynamics of neurophysiological resilience. In this review, after briefly introducing the frequently used approaches in this research field and the well-known factors of neurophysiological resilience, we summarize the temporal dynamics of neurophysiological resilience. This viewpoint clarifies an important time window, the more-than-one-hour scale, but the neurophysiological dy-namics during this window remain elusive. To address this issue, we propose exploring brain-wide oscillatory activities using concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) techniques.

Automated summary

When individuals face adversity, their brain and body work together to adapt, a process known as psychological resilience. Recent studies have found that differences in psychological resilience can be characterized by differences in the temporal dynamics of neurophysiological resilience. This review summarizes the temporal dynamics of neurophysiological resilience and proposes the exploration of brain-wide oscillatory activities using fMRI and EEG techniques to address the remaining gaps in understanding.