Journal
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
Volume 130, Issue -, Pages 274-291Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.020
Keywords
Animal models; Entorhinal cortex; Hippocampus; Pilocarpine; Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [8109, 74609, 130328]
- Savoy Foundation
- Else Krodner-Fresenius-Foundation [2016_A05]
- BONFOR program of the University of Bonn Medical Center
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Research on the mechanisms of focal epileptic discharges in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) often utilizes rodent models induced by pilocarpine, revealing specific neuronal events during latent and chronic states, as well as the effects of optogenetic activation on spontaneous seizures.
Fundamental work on the mechanisms leading to focal epileptic discharges in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) often rests on the use of rodent models in which an initial status epilepticus (SE) is induced by kainic acid or pilocarpine. In 2008 we reviewed how, following systemic injection of pilocarpine, the main subsequent events are the initial SE, the latent period, and the chronic epileptic state. Up to a decade ago, rats were most often employed and they were frequently analysed only behaviorally. However, the use of transgenic mice has revealed novel information regarding this animal model. Here, we review recent findings showing the existence of specific neuronal events during both latent and chronic states, and how optogenetic activation of specific cell populations modulate spontaneous seizures. We also address neuronal damage induced by pilocarpine treatment, the role of neuroinflammation, and the influence of circadian and estrous cycles. Updating these findings leads us to propose that the rodent pilocarpine model continues to represent a valuable tool for identifying the basic pathophysiology of MTLE.
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