Journal
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
Volume 132, Issue -, Pages 1157-1180Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.035
Keywords
Attention-deficit; hyperactivity disorder; Somatic disorders; Non-mental disease; Asthma; Obesity; Migraine; Diabetes mellitus type II; Elimination disorders; Epilepsy
Categories
Funding
- DAAD [91690211]
- Lundbeck Foundation iPSYCH grant [R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724, R248-2017-2003]
- Swedish Brain Foundation
- European Community [667302, 728018]
- Federal Ministry of Mental Health (BMBF, ESCAlife)
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SAF2015-68341-R, RTI2018-100968-B-I00]
- AGAUR-Generalitat de Catalunya [2017-SGR-738]
- Innovative Medicine Initiative (IMI2)-Call 2 [853966]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain [CP09/ 00119, CPII15/00023]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI17/00289]
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- Agencia de Gestio' d'Ajuts Universitaris I de Recerca-AGAUR
- Generalitat de Catalunya [2017SGR1461]
- Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen [SKGJ MED-02]
- Regional Health Authority of Western Norway [F-10146]
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There is a correlation between ADHD and non-mental diseases, possibly due to shared pathologic mechanisms and genetic risk factors. Neglecting these co-occurring conditions may result in missed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment.
Several non-mental diseases seem to be associated with an increased risk of ADHD and ADHD seems to be associated with increased risk for non-mental diseases. The underlying trajectories leading to such brain-body co occurrences are often unclear are there direct causal relationships from one disorder to the other, or does the sharing of genetic and/or environmental risk factors lead to their occurring together more frequently or both? Our goal with this narrative review was to provide a conceptual synthesis of the associations between ADHD and non-mental disease across the lifespan. We discuss potential shared pathologic mechanisms, genetic background and treatments in co-occurring diseases. For those co-occurrences for which published studies with sufficient sample sizes exist, meta-analyses have been published by others and we discuss those in detail. We conclude that non-mental diseases are common in ADHD and vice versa and add to the disease burden of the patient across the lifespan. Insufficient attention to such co-occurring conditions may result in missed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment in the affected individuals.
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