Journal
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages 1157-1167Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000714
Keywords
inflammatory bowel disease; ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease; inflammation; mucosal immunology; CD4(+) T cells; Th1; Th2; Th17; Regulatory T cells; cytokines
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Funding
- NIH (NIAID) [1R21 AI119728-01]
- Scripps Florida via the State of Florida
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Pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), involve proinflammatory changes within the microbiota, chronic immune-mediated inflammatory responses, and epithelial dysfunction. Converging data from genome-wide association studies, mouse models of IBD, and clinical trials indicate that cytokines are key effectors of both normal homeostasis and chronic inflammation in the gut. Yet many questions remain concerning the role of specific cytokines in different IBDs within distinct regions of the gut, and regarding cellular mechanisms of action. In this article, we review current and emerging concepts concerning the role of cytokines in IBD with a focus on immune regulation, T cell subsets, and potential clinical applications.
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