Journal
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
Volume 17, Issue 7, Pages 1505-+Publisher
WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS
DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330613
Keywords
acrolein; acrolein-lysine adduct; alda-1; enzymatic catalyst; lipid peroxidation; mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2; neurotrauma; oxidative stress; reactive aldehydes; spinal cord contusion
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Funding
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke R21 [1R21NS115094-01]
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This study demonstrated a significant decrease in ALDH2 expression post-SCI in rats, which was not observed in rats given Alda-1. Administration of Alda-1 significantly reduced acrolein levels in the spinal cord, decreased cyst pathology, improved motor function, and attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity post-SCI.
Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, such as acrolein, the most reactive aldehyde, have emerged as key culprits in sustaining post-spinal cord injury (SCI) secondary pathologies leading to functional loss. Strong evidence suggests that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), a key oxidoreductase and powerful endogenous anti-aldehyde machinery, is likely important for protecting neurons from aldehydes-mediated degeneration. Using a rat model of spinal cord contusion injury and recently discovered ALDH2 activator (Alda-1), we planned to validate the aldehyde-clearing and neuroprotective role of ALDH2. Over an acute 2 day period post injury, we found that ALDH2 expression was significantly lowered post-SCI, but not so in rats given Alda-1. This lower enzymatic expression may be linked to heightened acrolein-ALDH2 adduction, which was revealed in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. We have also found that administration of Alda-1 to SCI rats significantly lowered acrolein in the spinal cord, and reduced cyst pathology. In addition, Alda-1 treatment also resulted in significant improvement of motor function and attenuated post-SCI mechanical hypersensitivity up to 28 days post-SCI. Finally, ALDH2 was found to play a critical role in in vitro protection of PC12 cells from acrolein exposure. It is expected that the outcome of this study will broaden and enhance anti-aldehyde strategies in combating post-SCI neurodegeneration and potentially bring treatment to millions of SCI victims. All animal work was approved by Purdue Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No. 1111000095) on January 1, 2021.
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