Journal
INFLAMMATION
Volume 39, Issue 3, Pages 964-973Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0311-9
Keywords
hesperetin; inflammation; NF-kappa B; Nrf2; HO-1
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Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of Jilin [20150520050JH]
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Hesperetin (Hesp), a common flavanone glycoside, was extracted from the fruit peel of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae). Hesp has been shown to possess various biological properties, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Hesp on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicated that Hesp treatment dramatically suppressed secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1 beta; reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression; inhibited NF-kappa B (p65) phosphorylation; and blocked I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation. Further studies revealed Hesp markedly enhanced the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, which were involved with inducing Nrf2 nuclear translocation and decreasing Keap1 protein expression. Together, these results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of Hesp may be associated with NF-kappa B inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 activation.
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