Journal
NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY
Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 311-323Publisher
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC BRASIL
DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00934-7
Keywords
Phlebotomine sand flies; Distribution; Vectors; Checklist
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This study updated the Phlebotominae fauna in Argentina and discussed their role in American Cutaneous (ACL) and Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) transmission scenarios. The research found a wide distribution of Phlebotominae species and a significant number of species related to the transmission of Leishmania pathogens.
Phlebotominae are small insects distributed in the Americas from Canada to Argentina and Uruguay, counting with more than 500 neotropical species. Some of them have a vectorial role in the transmission of Leishmania Ross, the causative agent of leishmaniases, a group of worldwide distributed diseases with different clinical manifestations and transmission cycles. Our aim was to update the Phlebotominae fauna of Argentina and to make observations on the American Cutaneous (ACL) and Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) transmission scenarios, according to the distribution of proven or suspected Leishmania vector species and recent changes in land use. Primary data (entomological captures) and secondary data (review of 65 scientific publications with Phlebotominae records) were used. With 9 new records, 46 Phlebotominae species are now recorded through the area comprising 14 political jurisdictions and 6 phytogeographic provinces. Distribution maps were constructed for the 5 proven or incriminated Leishmania vector species, and the evidence supporting the vectorial incrimination of these species is discussed. Three main ACL transmission scenarios are described in the phytogeographic provinces of the Yungas, Chaco, and Paranaense, associated with deforestation processes, while the transmission scenarios of AVL are urban outbreaks and scattered cases in rural areas. We update the available knowledge on the Phlebotominae fauna present in Argentina, emphasizing its epidemiological relevance in the current context of the increasing frequency of ACL outbreaks and geographic spread of AVL.
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