Neurocognitive and hypokinetic movement disorder with features of parkinsonism after BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a prominent tumorassociated target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we describe the case of a patient with MM who was enrolled in the CARTITUDE-1 trial (NCT03548207) and who developed a progressive movement disorder with features of parkinsonism approximately 3 months after ciltacabtagene autoleucel BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell infusion, associated with CAR-T cell persistence in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and basal ganglia lymphocytic infiltration. We show BCMA expression on neurons and astrocytes in the patient's basal ganglia. Public transcriptomic datasets further confirm BCMA RNA expression in the caudate of normal human brains, suggesting that this might be an on-target effect of anti-BCMA therapy. Given reports of three patients with grade 3 or higher parkinsonism on the phase 2 ciltacabtagene autoleucel trial and of grade 3 parkinsonism in the idecabtagene vicleucel package insert, our findings support close neurological monitoring of patients on BCMA-targeted T cell therapies.

Automated summary

The study presents a case of a multiple myeloma patient who developed parkinsonism symptoms after receiving BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy, highlighting the importance of close neurological monitoring for patients on such therapies.