Journal
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 40, Issue 2, Pages 198-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01019-x
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Funding
- European Research Council [ERC-2015-CoG HOW2WALKAGAIN 682999]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [310030_130850, CRSII5_183519, BSCGI0 1578000]
- European Union [785907]
- Bertarelli Foundation
- Marie Sklodowska-Curie postdoctoral fellowship
- HFSP long-term fellowship [LT001278/2017-L]
- BIG (Erasmus MC)
- Medical-NeuroDelta
- INTENSE (LSH-NWO)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [CRSII5_183519, 310030_130850] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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Optoelectronic system allows precise control over targeted neurons and pathways in the brain of untethered animals, but such technology for the spinal cord is not well established. In this study, a new system was developed for ultrafast, wireless, closed-loop manipulation of targeted neurons and pathways across the entire spinal cord in untethered mice.
Optoelectronic systems can exert precise control over targeted neurons and pathways throughout the brain in untethered animals, but similar technologies for the spinal cord are not well established. In the present study, we describe a system for ultrafast, wireless, closed-loop manipulation of targeted neurons and pathways across the entire dorsoventral spinal cord in untethered mice. We developed a soft stretchable carrier, integrating microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs), that conforms to the dura mater of the spinal cord. A coating of silicone-phosphor matrix over the micro-LEDs provides mechanical protection and light conversion for compatibility with a large library of opsins. A lightweight, head-mounted, wireless platform powers the micro-LEDs and performs low-latency, on-chip processing of sensed physiological signals to control photo-stimulation in a closed loop. We use the device to reveal the role of various neuronal subtypes, sensory pathways and supraspinal projections in the control of locomotion in healthy and spinal-cord injured mice.
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