Epoch of reionization parameter estimation with the 21-cm bispectrum

We present the first application of the isosceles bispectrum to MCMC parameter inference from the cosmic 21-cm signal. We extend the MCMC sampler 21CMMC to use the fast bispectrum code, BIFFT, when computing the likelihood. We create mock 1000-h observations with SKA1-low, using PYOBS21 to account for uv-sampling and thermal noise. Assuming the spin temperature is much higher than that of the cosmic microwave background, we consider two different reionization histories for our mock observations: fiducial and late-reionization. For both models we find that bias on the inferred parameter means and la credible intervals can be substantially reduced by using the isosceles bispectrum (calculated for a wide range of scales and triangle shapes) together with the power spectrum (as opposed to just using one of the statistics). We find that making the simplifying assumption of a Gaussian likelihood with a diagonal covariance matrix does not notably bias parameter constraints for the three-parameter reionization model and basic instrumental effects considered here. This is true even if we use extreme (unlikely) initial conditions which would be expected to amplify biases. We also find that using the cosmic variance error calculated with Monte Carlo simulations using the fiducial model parameters while assuming the late-reionization model for the simulated data also does not strongly bias the inference. This implies we may be able to sparsely sample and interpolate the cosmic variance error over the parameter space, substantially reducing computational costs. All codes used in this work are publicly available.

Automated summary

This paper presents the first application of the isosceles bispectrum to MCMC parameter inference from the cosmic 21-cm signal. The study extends the MCMC sampler and uses the fast bispectrum code to compute the likelihood. The results show that using the isosceles bispectrum can substantially reduce the bias on the inferred parameter means and credible intervals in the reionization models.