Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 511, Issue 3, Pages 4060-4089Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab3748
Keywords
methods: numerical; software: development; software: documentation; binaries: general; stars: general; globular clusters: general
Categories
Funding
- Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V.
- computing and network department of NAOC
- DFG Priority Program 'Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets' [SP 345/20-1, SP 345/22-1]
- Volkswagen Foundation [90411, 97778]
- Polish National Science Center (NCN) [UMO-2016/23/B/ST9/02732]
- NRF of Ukraine 'Leading and Young Scientists Research Support' - 'Astrophysical Relativistic Galactic Objects (ARGO): life cycle of active nucleus' [2020.02/0346]
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine under the Main Astronomical Observatory GPU computing cluster project [13.2021.MM]
- Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan [AP08856149]
- Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine [M86-22.11.2021]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) through the Silk Road Project at NAOC
- Swedish Research Council [2017-04217]
- Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG
- German Research Foundation) [BA 4281/6-1]
- ESO/Gobierno de Chile
- SAo Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2017/14289-3]
- JSPS
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav) [CE170100004]
- CAS
- Royal Physiographic Society of Lund
- Walter Gyllenberg Foundation
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This paper presents the implementation of updated stellar evolution recipes in several codes and tests them through numerical simulations of star clusters. The results show differences in density, remnant masses, and binary fractions between the different models. The mocca models produce more black holes and helium white dwarfs, while nbody6++gpu models have a larger amount of white dwarf-white dwarf binaries.
We present the implementation of updated stellar evolution recipes in the codes nbody6++gpu, mocca, and mcluster. We test them through numerical simulations of star clusters containing 1.1 x 10(5) stars (with 2.0 x 10(4) in primordial hard binaries) performing high-resolution direct N-body (nbody6++gpu) and Monte Carlo (mocca) simulations to an age of 10 Gyr. We compare models implementing either delayed or core-collapse supernovae mechanisms, a different mass ratio distribution for binaries, and white dwarf (WD) natal kicks enabled/disabled. Compared to nbody6++gpu, the mocca models appear to be denser, with a larger scatter in the remnant masses, and a lower binary fraction on average. The mocca models produce more black holes (BHs) and helium WDs, while nbody6++gpu models are characterized by a much larger amount of WD-WD binaries. The remnant kick velocity and escape speed distributions are similar for the BHs and neutron stars (NSs), and some NSs formed via electron-capture supernovae, accretion-induced collapse, or merger-induced collapse escape the cluster in all simulations. The escape speed distributions for the WDs, on the other hand, are very dissimilar. We categorize the stellar evolution recipes available in nbody6++gpu into four levels: the one implemented in previous nbody6++gpu and mocca versions (level A), state-of-the-art prescriptions (level B), some in a testing phase (level C), and those that will be added in future versions of our codes.
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