Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 511, Issue 4, Pages 5436-5447Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac364
Keywords
galaxies: active; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: evolution; (galaxies:) quasars: supermassive black holes
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Funding
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- Center for HighPerformance Computing at the University of Utah
- INAF under PRIN SKA/CTA FORECaST [I/037/12/0, 2017-14-H.0]
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This study presents the evolution of space density for the most massive black holes hosted in jetted active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from z = 1.5 to z = 5.5. The findings show a peak in space density at z ~ 3, which is higher than that observed in the total AGN population. The study also highlights a slight decrease in the ratio of jetted AGNs to total AGNs at high redshifts.
We present the space density evolution, from z = 1.5 up to z = 5.5, of the most massive (M >= 109 M-circle dot) black holes hosted in jetted active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The analysis is based on a sample of 380 luminosity-selected (lambda L-1350 >= 10(46) erg s(-1) and P-5GHz >= 10(27) W Hz-1) flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) obtained from the Cosmic Lens All Sky Survey (CLASS). These sources are known to be face-on jetted AGNs (i.e. blazars) and can be exploited to infer the abundance of all the (misaligned) jetted AGNs, using a geometrical argument. We then compare the space density of the most massive supermassive black holes hosted in jetted AGNs with those present in the total population (mostly composed by non-jetted AGNs). We find that the space density has a peak at z similar to 3, which is significantly larger than the value observed in the total AGN population with similar optical/UV luminosities (z similar to 2.2), but not as extreme as the value previously inferred from X-ray-selected blazars (z similar to 4). The jetted fraction (jetted AGNs/total AGNs) is overall consistent with the estimates in the local Universe (10-20 per cent) and at high redshift, assuming Lorentz bulk factors Gamma approximate to 5. Finally, we find a marginal decrease in the jetted fraction at high redshifts (by a factor of similar to 2). All these evidences point towards a different evolutionary path in the jetted AGNs compared to the total AGN population.
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