Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 26, Issue 20, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206147
Keywords
carbonyl-containing metabolites; RPLC-ESI-MS; stable isotope-coded derivatization; absolute quantification; submetabolome profiling
Funding
- Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project [2017SHZDZX01]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2018YFE0201603, 2020YFE0201600, 2017YFC0906800]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81590953, 31821002]
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Carbonyl-containing metabolites are important and challenging to quantify directly using RPLC-ESI-MS due to poor ionization efficiency. The stable isotope-coded derivatization (ICD) strategy overcomes this challenge, allowing for accurate quantification and submetabolome analysis in LC-MS methods.
Carbonyl-containing metabolites widely exist in biological samples and have important physiological functions. Thus, accurate and sensitive quantitative analysis of carbonyl-containing metabolites is crucial to provide insight into metabolic pathways as well as disease mechanisms. Although reversed phase liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-MS) is widely used due to the powerful separation capability of RPLC and high specificity and sensitivity of MS, but it is often challenging to directly analyze carbonyl-containing metabolites using RPLC-ESI-MS due to the poor ionization efficiency of neutral carbonyl groups in ESI. Modification of carbonyl-containing metabolites by a chemical derivatization strategy can overcome the obstacle of sensitivity; however, it is insufficient to achieve accurate quantification due to instrument drift and matrix effects. The emergence of stable isotope-coded derivatization (ICD) provides a good solution to the problems encountered above. Thus, LC-MS methods that utilize ICD have been applied in metabolomics including quantitative targeted analysis and untargeted profiling analysis. In addition, ICD makes multiplex or multichannel submetabolome analysis possible, which not only reduces instrument running time but also avoids the variation of MS response. In this review, representative derivatization reagents and typical applications in absolute quantification and submetabolome profiling are discussed to highlight the superiority of the ICD strategy for detection of carbonyl-containing metabolites.
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