Tris-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazolyl Borate Zinc(II) Complexes: Synthesis, DNA/Protein Binding and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies

Zn(II) complexes bearing tris[3-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazolyl] borate (Tp(py)) ligand (1-3) was synthesized and examined by spectroscopic and analytical tools. Mononuclear [Tp(py)ZnCl] (1) has a Zn(II) centre with one arm (pyrazolyl-pyridyl) dangling outside the coordination sphere which is a novel finding in Tp(py)Zn(II) chemistry. In complex [Tp(py)Zn(H2O)][BF4] (2) hydrogen bonding interaction of aqua moiety stabilizes the dangling arm. In addition, solution state behaviour of complex 1 confirms the tridentate binding mode and reactivity studies show the exogenous axial substituents used to form the [Tp(py)ZnN(3)] (3). The complexes (1-3) were tested for their ability to bind with Calf thymus (CT) DNA and Bovine serum albumin (BSA) wherein they revealed to exhibit good binding constant values with both the biomolecules in the order of 10(4)-10(5) M-1. The intercalative binding mode with CT DNA was confirmed from the UV-Visible absorption, viscosity, and ethidium bromide (EB) DNA displacement studies. Further, the complexes were tested for in vitro cytotoxic ability on four triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, HCC1937, and Hs 578T). All three complexes (1-3) exhibited good IC50 values (6.81 to 16.87 mu M for 24 h as seen from the MTS assay) results which indicated that these complexes were found to be potential anticancer agents against the TNBC cells.

Automated summary

Zn(II) complexes with Tp(py) ligand were synthesized and analyzed, revealing novel coordination modes and strong binding capabilities with DNA and proteins. These complexes demonstrated promising anticancer potential against triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro.