Journal
MOLECULAR CANCER
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01509-9
Keywords
Exosome; Cancer; Liquid biopsy; Biomarker; Precision medicine
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81972310]
- Distinguished Young Scholar Project of Jiangsu Province [BK20200043]
- Major Natural Science Research Project for Universities in Jiangsu Province [18KJA320001]
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province [2019GSZDSYS01, 2019GSZDSYS02]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
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Liquid biopsy, a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction, uses minimally invasive detection through biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in intercellular communication and are considered as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy. However, the lack of high-quality separation and component analysis methods has limited the further clinical application of exosomes.
Liquid biopsy, characterized by minimally invasive detection through biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine, has emerged as a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle molecular cargoes from donor cells to recipient cells and play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Increasing studies suggest that exosomes have a great promise to serve as novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy, since large quantities of exosomes are enriched in body fluids and are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. However, the further clinical application of exosomes has been greatly restrained by the lack of high-quality separation and component analysis methods. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the conventional and novel technologies for exosome isolation, characterization and content detection. Additionally, the roles of exosomes serving as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis prediction of cancer are summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges of applying exosome-based liquid biopsy to precision medicine are evaluated.
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