Journal
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
Volume 85, Issue 5, Pages 1990-2015Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24057
Keywords
cellulose; crystallinity; differential scanning calorimetry; electron microscope; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; thermogravimetric analysis
Categories
Funding
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India [BT/PR25099/NER/95/1014/2017]
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India [DST/INT/BLG/P03/2019]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0001090]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0001090] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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This article reviews the characterization methods for cellulose, including microscopic techniques for morphology and surface topography, as well as analytical techniques for physicochemical properties such as crystallinity, chemical composition, and thermal properties. This is important for the development of using cellulose as a low-cost raw material with anticipated physicochemical properties.
Cellulose obtained from plants is a bio-polysaccharide and the most abundant organic polymer on earth that has immense household and industrial applications. Hence, the characterization of cellulose is important for determining its appropriate applications. In this article, we review the characterization of cellulose morphology, surface topography using microscopic techniques including optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Other physicochemical characteristics like crystallinity, chemical composition, and thermal properties are studied using techniques including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. This review may contribute to the development of using cellulose as a low-cost raw material with anticipated physicochemical properties. Highlights Morphology and surface topography of cellulose structure is characterized using microscopy techniques including optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Analytical techniques used for physicochemical characterization of cellulose include X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.
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