Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women Influenced by multiple risk factors and increase the risks of spontaneous abortion and small-for-gestational age

Objective: To analyze the level of vitamin D and its influencing factors in pregnant women, and to explore the influence of vitamin D deficiency on common adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women, providing evidence for prevention and intervention of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. Methods: The basic data and blood samples of pregnant women in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were collected, and the 25-(OH) D levels of the serum samples were detected. Then the vitamin D levels and its influencing factors were analyzed, and the relationships between vitamin D levels and common adverse pregnancy outcomes in the pregnant women as well as the incidence of small-for-gestational-age newborns were analyzed. Results: The vitamin D deficiency rate, insufficiency rate and sufficiency rate of pregnant women were 83.28%, 15.36%, and 1.36% respectively, with vast majority of the pregnant women in a state of vitamin D deficiency. Analysis of the influencing factors on the vitamin D level of pregnant women showed 28 weeks <= gestational age <= 32 weeks, summer and autumn, high school education and above, weekly time outdoors >= 10 hours, supplement of vitamin D and trace elements during pregnancy were protective factors for vitamin D sufficiency in pregnant women. Linear correlation analysis showed the vitamin D level of pregnant women was highly positively correlated with temperature, the higher the temperature, the higher the vitamin D level (r = 0.907, t = 6.818, P < .001). The level of vitamin D in pregnant women was related to the occurrence of spontaneous abortion and small-for-gestational age (SGA), with the incidence of spontaneous abortion and SGA in the vitamin D deficiency group higher than those of other groups (P = .018, P = .016). Conclusions: The vitamin D level of pregnant women in this area is relatively low, which is affected by multiple factors such as gestational age, season, education level of pregnant women, weekly time outdoors, vitamin D and trace element supplement during pregnancy. Low vitamin D levels can increase the risk of spontaneous abortion and SGA in pregnant women, so relevant measures should be adopted to improve the vitamin D status of pregnant women.

Automated summary

The study found that the majority of pregnant women were deficient in vitamin D, influenced by factors such as gestational age, season, education level, time spent outdoors, and supplement of vitamin D and trace elements during pregnancy. Low levels of vitamin D may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion and small-for-gestational-age newborns.