Journal
MEASUREMENT
Volume 187, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110362
Keywords
Explosive sources; Modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm; Multilateration; Time Difference of Arrival
Funding
- Armaments Research Board, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) [ARM REB/STE/2018/197]
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The proposed modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (MLMA) is developed for localizing the 'point of burst' of an explosive sound source, which shows significantly faster global convergence compared to other algorithms through experimental validation.
In this paper, a modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (MLMA) is proposed to localize the 'point of burst' of an explosive sound source over the range of (0.5-2500) m. The objective function for minimization is formulated through the time difference of arrival based multilateration approach. The developed method uses four exclusive steps to satisfy global convergence along with fast computational speed. The performance of the proposed method is validated through both indoor-outdoor experiments and simulation studies and compared to other well-known methods. The experimental results show that the non-iterative approaches perform satisfactorily only if the ratio of microphone spacing to source range r is greater than 0.30. However, the iterative approaches outperform non-iterative approaches for any r. It is also observed that the MLMA converges globally at least five times faster than other algorithms. The numerical simulation results also demonstrate that the MLMA provides optimal solutions at lower and higher noise thresholds.
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