Journal
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
Volume 184, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111673
Keywords
Intermetallic compound; Thermal interface materials; Indium; Nickel
Categories
Funding
- Siliconware Precision Industries Co., Ltd.
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture from The Featured Areas Research Center Program by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan
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This study investigates the liquid/solid and solid/solid reactions between pure indium and Au/Ni(V) surface finish, revealing the formation of (Ni,Au)28In72 and Ni-V-In intermetallic compounds at temperatures of 220-260 degrees C and 100-150 degrees C, respectively. The growth kinetics of these compounds show the transformation of Ni(V) to Ni-V-In and the acceleration of reactions in the liquid/solid phase.
Pure indium (In) solder is promising as the thermal interface material (TIM) for efficient heat dissipation and as the Pb-free solder for cryogenic joining applications. In this study, liquid/solid and solid/solid reactions between In and Au/Ni(V) surface finish on a Si chip are investigated to explore the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed at the In/Au/Ni(V) interface and their growth kinetics. Two IMCs, (Ni,Au)28In72 and Ni-V-In, are formed at the interface in the liquid/solid and solid/solid reactions performed at 220-260 degrees C and 100-150 degrees C, respectively. The growth of the (Ni,Au)28In72 crystalline phase follows the parabolic law and the underlying NiV-In amorphous phase is formed as a result of phase transformation from original Ni(V) due to outward diffusion of Ni and inward diffusion of In. This phase transformation proceeds at a faster rate in the liquid/solid reaction. The Ni supply is exhausted once the Ni(V) is completely transformed into the Ni-V-In phase, accelerating the ripening reaction of (Ni,Au)28In72 and its spallation into the molten In matrix.
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