Journal
MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE
Volume 21, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100257
Keywords
alendronate; bone-adhesive; glues; hydrogels; poly(2-oxazoline)s
Funding
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
- GATT Technologies BV [14435]
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The development of dual crosslinked hydrogels with tunable stiffness, ductility, and self-healing capacity for bone adhesive applications is successful. These hydrogels show superior mechanical and bone adhesive properties, making them suitable for use as bone adhesive glues.
The development of bone glues based on bone-adhesive hydrogels to allow for facile bone fracture fixation remains a major challenge. Herein, dual crosslinked hydrogels that combine tunable stiffness, ductility, and self-healing capacity are successfully synthesized. The resulting double network hydrogel is formed by chemical crosslinking of N-hydroxysuccinimide-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s(POx-NHS)?> with amine-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s, and physical crosslinking of alendronate-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx-Ale) with calcium ions in solution. The use of an excess of alendronate-functionalized POx-Ale polymers also ensures affinity toward calcium cations in the mineral phase of bone, thereby rendering these hydrogels adhesive to bone. The mechanical and bone-adhesive properties of these novel hydrogels are superior to commercially available fibrin sealants. Moreover, hydrogels retain their bone-adhesive properties under wet conditions. Although the dual crosslinked hydrogels swell considerably, they are stable upon immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (up to 12 d) and even in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution. The enhanced mechanical and bone-adhesive properties of these hydrogels, as well as their in vitro stability, indicate that they have much application potential as bone-adhesive glues.
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