Journal
MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE
Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100342
Keywords
3D-printing; aerogels; electrospinning; tracheal scaffolds; tissue engineering
Funding
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2232019A3-07]
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [81970091, 32050410286, 31771023, 3201101259]
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [19441902600, 20S31900900, 20DZ2254900]
- Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader [19XD1431100]
- Sino German Science Foundation Research Exchange Center [M-0263]
- Researchers Supporting Program of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RSP-2021/65]
- National Advanced Functional Fiber Innovation Center [2021-fx020301]
- International Cooperation of 2021-2022 China and Poland Science & Technology Personnel Exchange Program [17]
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The engineered tracheal scaffolds fabricated using 3D printing and short nanofibers demonstrate similar microstructure and mechanical properties compared to the native trachea, with good biocompatibility and promotion of chondrocytes growth in vitro. After implantation in mice, the scaffolds maintain structural integrity, support neo-vessel formation, and gradually form cartilage-like tissues, showing promise for tracheal regeneration.
Recently, various tissue engineering based strategies have been pursued for the regeneration of tracheal tissues. However, previously developed tracheal scaffolds do not accurately mimic the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the native trachea, which restrict their clinical translation. Here, tracheal scaffolds are fabricated by using 3D printing and short nanofibers (SF) dispersion of poly(l-lactide)/gelatin (0.5-1.5 wt%) to afford tracheal constructs. The results display that the scaffolds containing 1.0 wt % of SF exhibit low density, good water absorption capacity, reasonable degradation rate, and stable mechanical properties, which were comparable to the native trachea. Moreover, the designed scaffolds possess good biocompatibility and promote the growth and infiltration of chondrocytes in vitro. The biocompatibility of tracheal scaffolds is further assessed after subcutaneous implantation in mice for up to 4 and 8 weeks. Histological assessment of tracheal constructs explanted at week 4 shows that scaffolds can maintain their structural integrity and support the formation of neo-vessels. Furthermore, cell-scaffold constructs gradually form cartilage-like tissues, which mature with time. Collectively, these engineered tracheal scaffolds not only possess appropriate mechanical properties to afford a stabilized structure but also a biomimetic extracellular matrix-like structure to accomplish tissue regeneration, which may have broad implications for tracheal regeneration.
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